BROADCASTING
Definition:
"Broadcasting is the spreading of an advertising message or signal over a wide area without specific targeting. Unlike narrowcasting, broadcasting employs a shotgun approach in dissemination of information."
Broadcasting Types:
1.Satellite: This type of broadcasting distributes content using a signal that is transmitted across a satellite network.
2. Cable: Cable broadcasting uses cables to transmit content from the cable companies to customer’s homes.
3. Terrestrial: Terrestrial broadcasting uses transmitters located on the ground across service areas.
Genres of Broadcasting:
1. Commercial Broadcasting:
It is generally based on the practice of airing television advertisements for profit, in contrast to public media which eschews most or all paid advertising.
2. Public Broadcasting:
Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public. Public broadcasters may receive their funding from individuals through voluntary donations, a specific charge such as a television license fee, or as direct funding by the state.
RADIO
FM 105
It is generally based on the practice of airing television advertisements for profit, in contrast to public media which eschews most or all paid advertising.
2. Public Broadcasting:
Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public. Public broadcasters may receive their funding from individuals through voluntary donations, a specific charge such as a television license fee, or as direct funding by the state.
RADIO
FM 105
History
FM 105 started in 2005. There are 15 stations all over Pakistan, and its headquarter is located in Karachi. It is a commercial radio station with 24/7 broadcasting. Its main focus is market model.
FM 105 started in 2005. There are 15 stations all over Pakistan, and its headquarter is located in Karachi. It is a commercial radio station with 24/7 broadcasting. Its main focus is market model.
Purpose
The purpose of FM 105 is to create awareness via shows. Depending upon the time slots, shows are dedicated to various infotainments.
Local Stations
each city has its own network, that is, Karachites won’t be able to listen to the transmission aired in Lahore. Irrespectively, there are certain shows which are put on the network as well and can be listened to by everyone across the country.
Schedule of broadcasting:
The broadcasting schedule is devised as per the timings. It is done by FPC (Fixed Point chart).
8 a.m. – 10 a.m.: During early morning hours when people are generally setting off to workplaces/schools/colleges, ‘morning drive time’ is aired.
10 a.m. – 1 a.m.: ‘Ladies hours’ include a two hour transmission just for the purpose of entertaining housewives. It includes programs like zubaida apa, cooking shows, beauty shows, family problem based shows, health and awareness shows, etc.
1 a.m. – 5 p.m.: These programs involve soothing, mellow music playing and a generally mild orientation.
5 p.m. – 7 p.m.: The mood of the programs changes again as the working men are heading back to their homes, recreational areas, etc., and thus the mobile audience receives traffic and news updates, which are easy to comprehend. At the very same, they get to listen to soft music while driving.
8 p.m. onwards to midnight and beyond: Request shows for everyone or back to back music for all those heartbroken university going souls.
Eligibility:
There are no specific eligibility criteria for recruitment as an RJ, but they should be able to exercise certain characteristics like tolerance, patience, etc. as per need and should possess substantial interpersonal skills to enable them to get their thoughts across effectively. They should be bilingual i.e. they should be able to communicate properly in English and Urdu.
Regulations:
Since the market that is being catered is not very educated, the check and balance that is usually imposed upon these RJs is low. Moreover, in stations like FM 105, there is no production by a central authority. The RJs produce their show themselves so they only need to ensure that they keep an ethical limit to the content they produce, and the rest is all acceptable.
Since the market that is being catered is not very educated, the check and balance that is usually imposed upon these RJs is low. Moreover, in stations like FM 105, there is no production by a central authority. The RJs produce their show themselves so they only need to ensure that they keep an ethical limit to the content they produce, and the rest is all acceptable.
Ratings:
The ratings are determined by the inflow of messages, call logs, and tracking users logged in through the streaming facility. Moreover, the more ads the radio station receives is also a measure to evaluate its popularity.
Departments:
There are several departments that work along in collaboration:
Technical department: It usually deals with the setup and transmission equipment. It takes care of technical issues such as sound problems, etc.
There are several departments that work along in collaboration:
Technical department: It usually deals with the setup and transmission equipment. It takes care of technical issues such as sound problems, etc.
Programming department: It designs the patterns of the shows and their time slots.
News department: This department deals with the preparation of news items that is provided every now and then. It is allocated around five minutes to brief the listeners during the drive time or rush hours with traffic updates.
Marketing or Sales department: Brands hunting. They usually look up for sponsors and branded shows and formulate flashy and engaging marketing campaigns.
Producer: Every show has a producer who checks the format of the show and other minor details. At times, some RJs are their own producer as well.
Marketing or Sales department: Brands hunting. They usually look up for sponsors and branded shows and formulate flashy and engaging marketing campaigns.
Producer: Every show has a producer who checks the format of the show and other minor details. At times, some RJs are their own producer as well.
The air time of commercials:
The value of the commercials is determined by the money value per second. An ad campaign starts for 12 days and then it is decided what time to air the ad again.
Fm 103
Introduction:
The people who had no previous background in radio broadcasting started the radio station in the year 2005 in order to aware the masses about the disorder and turmoil in the state due to the situation. Caters to every class, may it be upper-middle or mediocre.
When first introduced in 2005, it was aimed at doing something different and innovative; therefore it came up with the idea of mast fm, infotainment channel. A platform for all: young or old and entertainment for everybody with versatile and diverse programs. It has been a top radio channel with 6 awards as its credit since its inception. In short it has always remained on the top, that is, masses demand is always on a peak.Currently they are broadcasting in 4 cities: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Multan. But since 6 years it’s been transmitted across Pakistan as well.
Surveys & Ratings
Marketing managers check revenues and discuss popularity graphs through social networking websites like Facebook, SMS, live calls, ads etc.
The ratings are determined by the inflow of messages, call logs and tracking users logged in through the streaming facility. Moreover, the more ads the radio station receives is also a measure to evaluate its popularity.
Commercials:
They spend 20%-33% time in broadcasting commercials; rest of their dedication is towards the audience. It was mentioned in the Ad log for April 22 2011 that 204 minutes of ads were run and approximately 15 million a month from commercials was earned.
And once when one of their RJs wasn’t present in Pakistan as he was on a tour abroad and was desperately needed, so the manager called him up in Chicago to broadcast live show and the RJ did a show from Chicago while he was on a move from one place to another. Internationally it is also available via streaming online.
Reasons for the Popularity:
“We cater 34% of the population, yet we are successful. Our RJs are like the captain of the ship, who deals and addresses all multiple-need of the populace. Plus we are radical, we don’t hold prejudices against anyone nor do we discriminate. We are open-minded and accommodating. And we are the only radio apart from radio Pakistan which broadcasts in almost all the languages in Pakistan.” said the Country Manager, Zulfiqar Ali Shah.
Current Conditions of the Radio:
In view of the penetration, sweep, pervasiveness, accessibility, cost effectiveness and convenience, its identity can never be lost. At present, there are more than 116 Private Local Entertainment Radio Stations Regulated by PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) working actively in Pakistan, which have helped a lot in the reincarnation of radio broadcasting. New technology like RDS (Radio Data System) and Frequency Modulation has enabled radio industry to meet new technology changes.
Marketing managers check revenues and discuss popularity graphs through social networking websites like Facebook, SMS, live calls, ads etc.
The ratings are determined by the inflow of messages, call logs and tracking users logged in through the streaming facility. Moreover, the more ads the radio station receives is also a measure to evaluate its popularity.
Commercials:
They spend 20%-33% time in broadcasting commercials; rest of their dedication is towards the audience. It was mentioned in the Ad log for April 22 2011 that 204 minutes of ads were run and approximately 15 million a month from commercials was earned.
And once when one of their RJs wasn’t present in Pakistan as he was on a tour abroad and was desperately needed, so the manager called him up in Chicago to broadcast live show and the RJ did a show from Chicago while he was on a move from one place to another. Internationally it is also available via streaming online.
Reasons for the Popularity:
“We cater 34% of the population, yet we are successful. Our RJs are like the captain of the ship, who deals and addresses all multiple-need of the populace. Plus we are radical, we don’t hold prejudices against anyone nor do we discriminate. We are open-minded and accommodating. And we are the only radio apart from radio Pakistan which broadcasts in almost all the languages in Pakistan.” said the Country Manager, Zulfiqar Ali Shah.
Current Conditions of the Radio:
In view of the penetration, sweep, pervasiveness, accessibility, cost effectiveness and convenience, its identity can never be lost. At present, there are more than 116 Private Local Entertainment Radio Stations Regulated by PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) working actively in Pakistan, which have helped a lot in the reincarnation of radio broadcasting. New technology like RDS (Radio Data System) and Frequency Modulation has enabled radio industry to meet new technology changes.
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